Slashing
Definition
Slashing is the penalty mechanism in Proof of Stake networks where validators lose a portion of their staked tokens for misbehavior. Infractions include double-signing (signing conflicting blocks) and extended downtime. Slashing creates economic incentives for honest, reliable validation.
Technical Explanation
Slashing conditions vary by network: equivocation (signing two blocks at same height) typically triggers immediate slashing, while extended offline periods accumulate penalties. Slashed tokens may be burned, redistributed, or sent to a treasury.
Post-quantum slashing uses SPHINCS+ signatures as evidence. Double-signing produces two valid signatures on conflicting blocks—both are verifiable proof of misbehavior. Quantum-resistant signatures ensure slashing evidence cannot be forged or disputed.
SynX Relevance
SynX's slashing mechanism relies on cryptographic proof using SPHINCS+ signatures. Slashing evidence is quantum-resistant—misbehaving validators cannot claim their signatures were forged. This ensures network security while protecting honest validators from false accusations.
Frequently Asked Questions
- How much can be slashed?
- Varies by infraction severity and network parameters—typically 1-10% for downtime, potentially 100% for equivocation.
- Can slashing be avoided?
- Run reliable infrastructure, use slashing protection software, and never run duplicate validators on the same keys.
- Does delegated stake get slashed?
- Yes—delegators share slashing risk with their chosen validator. Choose validators carefully.
Secure validation with clear incentives. Understand SynX staking