XOR Encryption
Definition
XOR (exclusive or) encryption is the simplest form of symmetric encryption, combining plaintext with a key using the XOR operation. When the key is truly random and used only once (one-time pad), XOR encryption provides information-theoretic security impossible to break even with quantum computers.
Technical Explanation
XOR is a binary operation: 0⊕0=0, 0⊕1=1, 1⊕0=1, 1⊕1=0. For encryption, each plaintext bit is XORed with a key bit. The same operation with the same key reverses it. With random keys matching plaintext length and never reused, no information about plaintext leaks from ciphertext.
Practical encryption like AES uses XOR as a core operation within complex round structures. Stream ciphers like ChaCha20 generate pseudorandom keystreams that are XORed with plaintext. While the keystream isn't truly random, it's computationally indistinguishable from random.
SynX Relevance
SynX's encryption primitives use XOR as part of AES-256 and other constructions. The security doesn't rely solely on XOR but on the complexity of generating the keystreams and round keys. Understanding XOR helps grasp how symmetric encryption operates at the bit level.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Is XOR alone secure?
- Only with truly random, single-use keys (one-time pad). Practical encryption needs more.
- Can quantum computers break XOR?
- No algorithm breaks properly implemented one-time pads. AES-256 also remains quantum-safe.
- Why is XOR used in encryption?
- It's fast, reversible, and combines data with keys without information leakage.
Fundamentally secure operations. Cryptography with SynX